Length:

• Inches, Feet, Miles (1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 ft = 12 in)
• Centimeters, Meters, Kilometers (1 km = 1000 m; 1 m = 100 cm)
• Nautical miles (1 n.m. = 1 minute of latitude)
• Fathoms (1 fathom = 6 feet)

Mass and Weight:

• Pounds
• Grams, Kilograms (1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds)

Time:

• Seconds, Minutes, Hours
• Days, Months
• Years
• Decades, Centuries, Millenia
• Ma (mega-annum, or millions of years before present)

Temperature:

• Fahrenheit (freeze = 32, boil = 212)
• Celsius/Centigrade (freeze = 0, boil = 100)
• Kelvin (freeze = 273, boil = 373, absolute zero = 0)

Composition:

• Elements (Si = Silicon, O = Oxygen, Fe = Iron)
• Minerals (SiO₂ = Quartz, CaCO₃ = Calcite)
• Rock types (Granite = Quartz + Potassium feldspar + Amphibole + Mica)

Location:

• Latitude (90° south to 90° north; zero = equator)
• Longitude (180° east to 180° west; zero = Greenwich, England; 180°W = 180°E)

Combinations of properties:

• Area (length times length)
• Volume (length times length times length)
• Velocity (length divided by time)
• Density (mass divided by volume)